1. take a census of collapsed stars and black holes of different sizes by surveying regions surrounding the center of own Milky Way Galaxy and performing deep observations of the extragalactic sky; 2. map recently-synthesized material in young supernova remnants to understand how stars explode and how elements are created; and 3. understand what powers relativistic jets of particles from the most extreme active galaxies hosting supermassive black holes. NuSTAR will be the first focusing high energy X-ray satellite in orbit, providing more than two orders of magnitude improvement in sensitivity as compared to previous high energy missions.
"Well," one might wonder, "WTF is a high energy X-ray satellite?" I'm glad you asked. However, I'm not going to tell you the details. A great description is on this webpage. Basically, NuSTAR will be a telescope that looks at X-rays rather than light. Here is a drawing of what the satellite will look like:

Here is a NASA photo taken May 16 that shows the first optic with 82 of the eventual 133 layers:

Of course, I can do better, and I will in Part 2. The optic is now at 130 layers, and everyone is more nervous than a long-tailed cat in a room full of rocking chairs.
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